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M9 Assignment

M9 Double Matching: Souls, Ghosts, & the Undead   [18 pts]

Try your hand at pairing the descriptions and functions of souls, ghosts and the undead from the module with their ethnographic examples.  Using the Term Banks on the next page, match the Descriptions (left) to where they best fit the Ethnographic Example in the center. Next, pair up the Function (right) to each Ethnographic Example.

 Note: each Example will have one Description and one Function associated with it.When you are satisfied with your answers, save the exercise as a Microsoft Word Document (.docx), and submit it through the appropriate Assignment Link in Blackboard.Each blank is worth 1 point, for a total of 18 points.  Two blanks are completed as a model.

Descriptions

Ethnographic Examples

Functions

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Hmong souls

They work in balance with a person’s physical body to determine an individual’s health.

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Yup’ik souls

 

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Tana Torja ancestors

 

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Mijikanda ancestors

 

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Japanese ghosts

 

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Dani ghosts

 

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18th C. New England vampires

 

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The recent dead who were marginal members of their community and who are believed to “feed” on the living.

Romanian/Eastern European vampires

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Haitian zombies

 

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Hollywood zombies

 

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Text Box: Term Bank:
Descriptions 

Example: The recent dead who were marginal members of their community and who are believed to “feed” on the living.

May take weeks or years after the body’s physical death for them to be considered socially dead; until the proper rituals are performed, the corpse resides with the family and is treated as “sleeping” or “ill”.

“Living dead” who are part of a mindless horde that chase humans to eat their brains.

Each person may have up to 30 over their lifetime, but they can be “lost” or “stolen” through trauma and must be “restored” by a shaman.

They recycle through generations into new babies, and are found in both humans and animals.

People who were physically wasting away but showed a fierce will to live right up to their deaths.

Found in both urban and rural areas, and are the result of someone having died in distress -- anything from unrequited love to unresolved murder.

Embody carved wooden statues known as vigango, so that the statues become living beings. 

Soulless slaves created by vodou priests.

Remain near the village and are kept happy by rituals designed to please them: a big funeral, small structures built as “houses” for them, and the sharing of roasted pig meat at celebrations.

Text Box: Term Bank:
Functions

Example: They work in balance with a person’s physical body to determine an individual’s health. 

Once they become deata (or “smoke ascending”) they are responsible for bringing fertility, wealth, and health.

Serve as a social control mechanism – they aren’t seen as dangerous, but people are afraid of being made into one.

Haunt those responsible for their anguish at the time of death; are frequent symbols in traditional art. 

Fictional menace to the whole human race; symbolic of fears about social control by governments and loss of individuality.

Protect the village from outsiders by giving warnings of raiding parties, but also cause trouble for the community in little ways – accidents and illness – unless they are kept happy.

Build respectful connections to animal souls through rituals to ensure good hunting. 

Rapid transmission of tuberculosis within families led to the belief that the undead were coming back to kill the living; stopped by burning the corpse.

Offer protection from economic, social, environmental, and health troubles as long as their memorial statues stay in the village.

Inflict illness and misfortune on relatives; can only be stopped by apotropaic rituals on their corpses (e.g. stake piercing the heart, burning, weighing down the body with stones, etc).

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