International Trade Negotiations and its Process

P‌‍‍‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‌‍‍‍‌‌‌‌‍lease write me something similar to the attached file bu‌‍‍‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‌‍‍‍‌‌‌‌‍t without plagiarism.. something similar. one page neede‌‍‍‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‌‍‍‍‌‌‌‌‍d.The lecture given by Director Prewprae regarding the international trade negotiations on October 7'h, 2023, was emphasizing on the fundamental aspects of the trade negotiations,whereby includes the conceptual approach, key elements, its process, as well as the bestpractices of negotiating habits handled by negotiators. In addition, the lecture as wellhighlights the external factors or stakeholders that would be involved in the decision-makingprocess of the negotiation, challenges of the Free Trade Agreement (FTA), and so forth.Accordingly, the summarized details of the aforementioned highlight and emphasis can beoutlined as the following.Negotiation is fundamentally about reaching an agreement, settling differences, andengaging in a bargaining process that benefits both parties. It involves structured dialogue to find common ground and resolve conflicts, aiming for mutually acceptablearrangements. Accordingly, this process would involve a bargaining process that includes strategic exchanges, offers, counteroffers, and concessions to reach favorableoutcomes in a way that satisfies all parties involved.The key elements of negotiation involves people, whereby required a human-being's strategic and critical thinking to comprehend the situation of the negotiation; interest,the negotiators needs to be aware of the interests that they are pursuing, and interest is the primary reason to why negotiations occurred; criteria, the negotiator must be fullycomprehended on their criteria or agenda on what they want from the negotiation; andlastly, options, negotiators must be able to explore what are the available options that would be acceptable for them after the disseminated information are laid out during the negotiation process.In trade negotiations, the World Trade Organization (WTO) could be considered as anexternal factor and stakeholders that involved in the decision-making process of the negotiations, as they tend to be an organization that establishes regulations and monitor on economic and international trade activities, hence they could be an actorthat imposed limitations on what can both parties do toward one another. Furthermore,FTAs of the counterparts as well plays a role in this process, whereby negotiators must consider their counterparts' current FTA, where reaching a conflicting outcome with the counterpart could impose economic and trade activities threat.The typical scenario of negotiations can be illustrated through the concept of game theory, where it involves a win-win, win-lose, lose-win, and lose-lose situations.However, when the outcome of the trade negotiations resulted in a FTA, there are external challenges of FTA between parties. First, geopolitics, where the prioritization of national interests and security concerns could hinder economic cooperation.Second, the US-China Trade War has not only affected the bilateral trade relationship between the US and China but has also had broader implications for the strategies and priorities of other countries engaged in FTAs. It has prompted a reevaluation of global trade dynamics and the need for contingency planning in an era of heightened trade tensions.

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