Epidemiology Critique

E‌‍‍‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‌‍‍‍‌‌‌‌‍pidemiology Critique Outline A. Collection of Data (50 points) 

A.1. (5 Pts.) What were the objectives of the study? What was the association of interest?

 A.2. (10 Pts.) What was the primary outcome (e.g. disease) of interest? Briefly explain how the outcome was measured. Was this accurately measured?

 A.3. (10 Pts.) What was the primary exposure (risk factor) of interest? Briefly explain how exposure was measured. Was this accurately measured?

 A.4. (5 Pts.) What type of study was conducted (study design)?

 A.5. (5 Pts.) Describe the process of subject selection. Define the source population for this study, if possible. 

A.6. (5 Pts.) Selection bias: If a case-control study, do the controls appear to have the same distribution of exposures as the study base that gave rise to the cases? If a cohort study, is there loss to follow-up, and if so, does it appear to be different for exposed and unexposed? What is the retention rate in each group? 

A.7. (5 Pts.) Information bias: What are some of the sources of information (measurement) error, for either the exposure or outcome measurement? Does this error/misclassification differ with respect to the other factor (exposure or outcome) of inter‌‍‍‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‌‍‍‍‌‌‌‌‍est and result in information bias?

 A.8. (5 Pts.) Confounding: Did the authors consider potential confounders in the design of the study? B. Analysis of Data (20 Pts.)

 B.1. (2 Pts.) What methods were used to control confounding? Were these sufficient (as far as you can tell)?

 B.2. (8 Pts.) What measure of association was reported in the study? Was this appropriate?

 B.3. (10 Pts.) How was the uncertainty of the measure of association (effect of random error or statistical significance) reported in this study? Are the conclusions of the study consistent with the uncertainty of the measure of association? C. Interpretation of Data (30 Pts.) 

C.1. (10 Pts.) What was the major result of this study?

 C.2. (5 Pts.) How would the interpretation of this result be affected by bias (e.g., selection bias, information bias, or confounding)? 

C.3. (5 Pts.) To what larger population may the result of this study be generalized? Justify your restrictions (if any) to the generalization of these results 

C.4. (10 Pts.) Did the discussion section adequately addresses the limitations of the study? Was the final conclusion of the paper a balanced summary of the study findings? Do you agree with the authors‌‍‍‌‌‍‌‌‌‌‌‍‍‍‌‌‌‌‍?

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