Question

The Major Stimulants - Cocaine & Amphetamines

1.  What you need to know about cocaine  

2.  How Coca Leaves Become Cocaine  

3.  The Truth About Coca Cola & Cocaine  

3.  Cocaine Revolutionized Surgery 

4.  Dental Dose: The brief history of cocaine in dentistry

5.  Cocaine: How 'Miracle Drug' Nearly Destroyed Sigmund Freud, William Halsted

6.  The Rise and Fall of the Cocaine High

7.  Everything You Need to Know About Freebasing

8.  CRACK cocaine

9.  Methamphetamine: What You Need To Know  

10.  What Do "Smart Pills" Really Do to Your Brain?

Essay Questions

1. Why stimulant medications prescribed for disorders characterized by increased motor activity and reduced attention span (such as ADHD)? How do the medications interact with the brain to influence symptoms of hyperactivity?

2. What differences in perception exist between a person in treatment for cocaine abuse and a person in treatment for methamphetamine abuse? How do those differences influence treatment success and relapse rates?

3.Assess the history of cocaine and amphetamines. What pattern arises when observing the use of both drugs over the past century in the United States? What implications are evident from such a pattern?

4.Defend the applications of amphetamines as medicines for Attention-Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder. Include an assessment of the mechanism of actions as well as concerns regarding prescription abuses.

5.Describe what results when cocaine is consumed with alcohol. Name the metabolite that is produced and explain the physical dangers of this combination of drugs. Why does this concern not exist for the combination of amphetamines and alcohol?

6.Compare and contrast the compositions, uses, and methods of action between Ritalin, Adderall, and Vyvanse. Why is cocaine not included in this group of medications?

7.Evaluate the concerns regarding stimulant medications and cognitive enhancement. Compare this concern with the common uses for amphetamines during the 1940s-1960s. What conclusions can be drawn from the comparison?

Lecture videos above are designed to supplement and facilitate the readings from the designated chapters from the textbook (Drugs, Behavior & Modern Society 8th Ed. By C.F. Levinthal)

Expert Solution

1. Why are stimulant medications prescribed for disorders characterized by increased motor activity and reduced attention span (such as ADHD)? How do the medications interact with the brain to influence symptoms of hyperactivity?Prescription stimulant medications such as amphetamine-based Adderall and methylphenidate-based Ritalin are commonly used to treat disorders such as ADHD and narcolepsy. These stimulant medications influence the brain’s and body’s interactions to increase a person’s alertness, attention, and energy. Stimulant medications increase neurotransmitter activities such as dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain, which are critical to body functions such as alertness and movement (Ashok et al., 2017). Stimulants increase body hyperactivity, characterized by increased heart rate and blood pressure. 

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