As a nurse
on a general medical floor, the RN has received a new admit. Review the client
data provided. Richard Henderson 58 years old Male Admit diagnosis: GI bleed
History: no surgical history Medical history: Gastritis & GERD Medications:
Prilosec 40 mg PO daily, Atenolol 25 mg PO BID, Fiber daily, Alka Seltzer PO –
states he takes this at least daily. Report from physician’s office: Mr.
Henderson arrived to the physician’s office today for a complaint of increasing
abdominal pain. He states that he is now throwing up coffee-ground emesis. He
states that he didn’t take his BP medication this morning because he was dizzy.
The physician is admitting him with a diagnosis of GI bleed with an EGD
scheduled for tomorrow. He is NPO, and has a 22G IV lock in the left forearm.
Last set of vital signs BP 106/60 mm Hg, HR 98 beats/min, RR 20 breaths/min,
Temp. 98.8 degrees
F, P.O. 90% on room air. He
last vomited about 45 minutes ago with a small amount of dark coffee-ground
emesis. His pain is 4/10 at present. No pain medication is ordered at this
time. Lab assessments ordered: CBC and chemistry panel CT of the abdomen shows
no signs of free air (no perforation) When he arrives to the floor, he is pale,
nauseous, and his skin is cool and clammy. When he is transferred to the bed
from the stretcher, he vomits a large amount of coffee-ground emesis and loses
consciousness. Instructions In the discussion post, address the
following:
1.While receiving report, what concerns do you have
regarding the client report?
2.What type of shock is occurring?
3.What stage of shock is the client experiencing?
4.What is your next intervention and why?
5.What additional lab assessments would you
anticipate? Provide additional thoughts and insights.
Richard Henderson is a patient
currently being treated for gastritis, GERD, and blood pressure health
conditions. Since he reports abdominal pains and subsequent throwing up of
coffee ground emesis, we can conclude that Richard suffers from internal
bleeding in his GI tract. The esophagus, the stomach, and the duodenum could be
bleeding, resulting in the coffee ground emesis Richard exhibits. Severe
gastritis symptoms could include dizziness, paleness, and clammy skin, which
Richard is experiencing. Additionally, shortness of breath and vomiting could
indicate that the stomach lining of a patient is bleeding.
Given Richard's symptoms, he
is experiencing hypovolemic shock related to his blood and fluid loss through
consistent vomiting. Particularly, he is in the progressive stage of shock
since his body consistently tries to fight the adverse effects of the GI
bleeding tract before he becomes unconscious. Medical observation of the upper
GI tract could enable medical experts to determine whether there are acidic
refluxes associated with GERD, which cause dizziness and sometimes
unconsciousness in patients. Blood tests could establish the level of blood
loss, whether low or high since Richard would consistently throw up before
becoming unconscious. Using the blood test results, experts can decide how to
stabilize the blood to manage the symptoms he's experiencing. Upper endoscopy
exams, which involve the use of small cameras to examine the source of
bleeding, could be used, and medication that could reduce the same could be administered
("Coffee Ground Emesis (Vomitus): Causes, What it Is &
Treatment", 2022). After the examination, I recommend that the patient
take proton-pump inhibitors, drugs used for patients with GERD and BP, to
stabilize stomach acids, thereby reducing their blood loss (Gwee et al., 2018).
Richard is an admitted patient
with GERD, gastritis, and BP conditions. His consistent throwing up of
coffee-ground emesis proves that part of his GI tract is bleeding. Since he's
experiencing the progressive stage of hypovolemic shock, his condition can be
treated if medical experts can determine the severity of blood loss through an
upper endoscopy examination.
References
Coffee Ground Emesis (Vomitus): Causes, What it Is & Treatment. (2022). https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/23153-coffee-ground-vomitus.
Gwee, K. A., Goh, V., Lima, G., & Setia, S. (2018). Coprescribing proton-pump inhibitors with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: risks versus benefits. Journal of Pain Research, 11, 361. https://doi.org/10.2147%2FJPR.S156938.