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Question

A Review of Richard Henderson's Medical Case

A‌‌‌‍‌‍‌‌‍‌‌‍‍‌‍‌‍‌‍s a nurse on a general medical floor, the RN has received a new admit. Review the client data provided. Richard Henderson 58 years old Male Admit diagnosis: GI bleed History: no surgical history Medical history: Gastritis & GERD Medications: Prilosec 40 mg PO daily, Atenolol 25 mg PO BID, Fiber daily, Alka Seltzer PO – states he takes this at least daily. Report from physician’s office: Mr. Henderson arrived to the physician’s office today for a complaint of increasing abdominal pain. He states that he is now throwing up coffee-ground emesis. He states that he didn’t take his BP medication this morning because he was dizzy. The physician is admitting him with a diagnosis of GI bleed with an EGD scheduled for tomorrow. He is NPO, and has a 22G IV lock in the left forearm. Last set of vital signs BP 106/60 mm Hg, HR 98 beats/min, RR 20 breaths/min, Temp. 98.8 de‌‌‌‍‌‍‌‌‍‌‌‍‍‌‍‌‍‌‍grees F, P.O. 90% on room air. He last vomited about 45 minutes ago with a small amount of dark coffee-ground emesis. His pain is 4/10 at present. No pain medication is ordered at this time. Lab assessments ordered: CBC and chemistry panel CT of the abdomen shows no signs of free air (no perforation) When he arrives to the floor, he is pale, nauseous, and his skin is cool and clammy. When he is transferred to the bed from the stretcher, he vomits a large amount of coffee-ground emesis and loses consciousness. Instructions In the discussion post, address the following: 

1.While receiving report, what concerns do you have regarding the client report?

 2.What type of shock is occurring? 

3.What stage of shock is the client experiencing?

 4.What is your next intervention and why? 

5.What additional lab assessments would you anticipate? Provide additional thoughts and ‌‌‌‍‌‍‌‌‍‌‌‍‍‌‍‌‍‌‍insights.

Expert Solution

Richard Henderson is a patient currently being treated for gastritis, GERD, and blood pressure health conditions. Since he reports abdominal pains and subsequent throwing up of coffee ground emesis, we can conclude that Richard suffers from internal bleeding in his GI tract. The esophagus, the stomach, and the duodenum could be bleeding, resulting in the coffee ground emesis Richard exhibits. Severe gastritis symptoms could include dizziness, paleness, and clammy skin, which Richard is experiencing. Additionally, shortness of breath and vomiting could indicate that the stomach lining of a patient is bleeding.

Given Richard's symptoms, he is experiencing hypovolemic shock related to his blood and fluid loss through consistent vomiting. Particularly, he is in the progressive stage of shock since his body consistently tries to fight the adverse effects of the GI bleeding tract before he becomes unconscious. Medical observation of the upper GI tract could enable medical experts to determine whether there are acidic refluxes associated with GERD, which cause dizziness and sometimes unconsciousness in patients. Blood tests could establish the level of blood loss, whether low or high since Richard would consistently throw up before becoming unconscious. Using the blood test results, experts can decide how to stabilize the blood to manage the symptoms he's experiencing. Upper endoscopy exams, which involve the use of small cameras to examine the source of bleeding, could be used, and medication that could reduce the same could be administered ("Coffee Ground Emesis (Vomitus): Causes, What it Is & Treatment", 2022). After the examination, I recommend that the patient take proton-pump inhibitors, drugs used for patients with GERD and BP, to stabilize stomach acids, thereby reducing their blood loss (Gwee et al., 2018).

Richard is an admitted patient with GERD, gastritis, and BP conditions. His consistent throwing up of coffee-ground emesis proves that part of his GI tract is bleeding. Since he's experiencing the progressive stage of hypovolemic shock, his condition can be treated if medical experts can determine the severity of blood loss through an upper endoscopy examination.

References

Coffee Ground Emesis (Vomitus): Causes, What it Is & Treatment. (2022). https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/23153-coffee-ground-vomitus.

Gwee, K. A., Goh, V., Lima, G., & Setia, S. (2018). Coprescribing proton-pump inhibitors with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: risks versus benefits. Journal of Pain Research, 11, 361. https://doi.org/10.2147%2FJPR.S156938.

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