Question

Nutrition Science Energy calculations

MODULE 5 UNIT 2

Activity submission: Jacqueline’s energy balance and food choices in context

Learning outcomes:

LO3: Describe the relationship between food, nutrition, and individual context.

LO4: Relate types of malnutrition and associated health outcomes to food availability.

LO5: Compare the energy balance and food choices of an individual across contexts.

Name:

1. Instructions and guidelines (Read carefully)

Instructions

1.   Insert your name and surname in the space provided above, as well as in the file name. Save the file as: First name Surname M5U2 Activity Submission – e.g., Lilly Smith M5U2 Activity Submission. NB: Please ensure that you use the name that appears in your learner profile on the Online Campus.

2.   Write all your answers in this document. There is an instruction that says, “Start writing here” under each question. Please type your answer there.

3.   Submit your assignment in Microsoft Word only. No other file types will be accepted.

4.   Do not delete the plagiarism declaration or the assignment instructions and guidelines. They must remain in your assignment when you submit.

PLEASE NOTE: Plagiarism cases will be investigated in line with the Terms and Conditions for Learners.

IMPORTANT NOTICE: Please ensure that you have checked your course calendar for the due date for this assignment.

Guidelines

1.   There are 6 pages and 3 questions in this assignment.

2.   Make sure that you have carefully read and fully understood the questions before answering them. Answer the questions fully but concisely and as directly as possible. Follow all specific instructions for individual questions (e.g., “list,” “in point form”).

3.   Answer all questions in your own words. Do not copy any text from the notes, readings or other sources. The assignment must be your own work only.

Plagiarism declaration:

1. I know that plagiarism is wrong. Plagiarism is to use another’s work and pretend that it is one’s own.

2. This assignment is my own work.

3. I have not allowed, and will not allow, anyone to copy my work with the intention of passing it off as his or her own work.

4. I acknowledge that copying someone else’s assignment (or part of it) is wrong, and declare that my assignments are my own work.

2. Point allocation

Each question receives a point allocation. However, you will only receive a final percentage mark and will not be given individual points for each question. The point allocation is there to show you the weighting and length of each question.

Question 1                                                                               10

Question 2                                                                      10

Question 3                                                                      10

TOTAL                                                                           30     

3. Questions

Note:

Be sure to work through Unit 1 and Unit 2 of this module before attempting to answer the questions, because you are required to apply concepts learned in those units in your answers. You will also need to refer to the casebook component in order to answer the questions that follow.

Question 1

In your last consultation, Jacqueline mentioned that she would like to know what her theoretical Estimated Energy Requirement (EER) currently is (during pregnancy) and what it might be in the future when she starts getting back into shape. Use the information provided in the casebook to answer the following:

·Calculate and compare Jacqueline’s theoretical energy requirements during pregnancy and during high activity after pregnancy using the equations and PAL values provided on Pages 82 and 84 of the DRIs. At what stage (i.e., during pregnancy or during exercise) will she require more calories per day?

You should show your calculations in full and state at which stage she requires a higher daily calorie intake. You should use her current weight to calculate energy requirements during pregnancy (use the equation for second-trimester pregnancy) and her desired future weight to calculate energy requirements when she begins training (use the equation for adult women).

Question 2

Jacqueline mentioned in her consultation that before becoming a professional athlete, she worked an office job and struggled to keep her weight down. Consider what you have learned about the types of factors that can influence food choices and weight gain in Unit 2’s lesson, as well as what you learned about Jacqueline in the casebook, to answer the following:

·Describe the types of factors that may have influenced Jacqueline’s weight gain.

·Describe the factors that may have influenced her to change her diet and lifestyle when she decided to become an athlete before she became pregnant.

·Your answer should draw on all three categories of factors (biological, person-related, and environmental) presented in the theory.

Question 3

Consider the potential health implications for Jacqueline if she had not decided to change her diet, begin exercising, and follow a healthier eating plan, and answer the following two questions:

1. What are some of the potential negative health outcomes she may have faced?

2.Explain to Jacqueline the differences in types of body fat with reference to where these occur in the body, and how different types of fat can influence health.

4. Rubric

The following rubric will be used to grade your submission.

Unsatisfactory

Limited

Adequate

Accomplished

Exceptional

Question 1

The answer correctly calculates Jacqueline’s energy requirements in both contexts, using the correct equations and values. The requirements are compared and the context in which she would require more energy is correctly identified.

No submission.

OR

The answer completely fails to address the question. (0)

The answer attempts to address the question, but the equations or the values used are incorrect. (5)

The answer uses the correct equations and values, but the calculation is incorrect.

OR

The answer uses the correct equations and values, and the calculations are correct, but steps in the calculations are omitted. (7)

The answer uses the correct equations and values, and the calculations are correct and presented in full, but the comparison of energy requirements is omitted or incorrect.. (9)

The answer uses the correct equations and values, and the calculations are correct and presented in full. The context in which Jacqueline would require more energy is correctly identified.. (10)

Question 2

The answer discusses potential factors that may have played a role in Jacqueline becoming overweight, as well as factors that may have caused her to change her diet and lifestyle, drawing on all three categories of factors (biological, person-related, and environmental) that could have influenced her decisions. The answer considers the information provided in the casebook.

No submission.

OR

The answer completely fails to address the question. (0)

The answer attempts to identify factors that might have influenced Jacqueline’s weight gain and the reasons for her diet and lifestyle changes, but it does not correctly draw on all three categories of factors. (5)

The answer correctly identifies factors from all three categories that might have influenced Jacqueline’s weight gain and her diet and lifestyle changes, but a limited explanation is provided. (7)

The answer correctly identifies factors from all three categories that might have influenced Jacqueline’s weight gain and her diet and lifestyle changes. Justification is given for why some of these factors might have an influence, but no reference is made to the information given in the casebook.. (9)

The answer correctly identifies factors from all three categories that might have influenced Jacqueline’s weight gain, and her diet and lifestyle changes. Justification is given for why some of these factors might have an influence, and some reference is made to the information given in the casebook. (10)

Question 3

The answer correctly identifies potential negative health outcomes of being overweight and correctly explains the differences in types of fat, where they occur, and how the different types of fat can influence health.

No submission.

OR

The answer completely fails to address the question. (0)

The answer fails to identify potential negative health outcomes of being overweight.

OR

The answer fails to distinguish between types of fat and how they influence health. (5)

The answer identifies some potential negative health outcomes of being overweight and distinguishes between types of fat, but it does not address how the different types of fat influence health or acknowledge the positive aspects of fat. (7)

The answer identifies numerous potential negative health outcomes of being overweight and distinguishes between types of fat and how the different types of fat influence health, as well as acknowledge the positive aspects of fat. But, it does not identify where the different types of fat occur in the body. (9)

The answer identifies numerous potential negative health outcomes of being overweight and distinguishes between types of fat and how the different types of fat influence health, as well as acknowledge the positive aspects of fat. In addition, the answer identifies where the different types of fat occur in the body.(10)

Total: 30 marks

Expert Solution

Question 1
In your last consultation, Jacqueline mentioned that she would like to know what her theoretical Estimated Energy Requirement (EER) currently is (during pregnancy) and what it might be in the future when she starts getting back into shape. Use the information provided in the casebook to answer the following:

· Calculate and compare Jacqueline’s theoretical energy requirements during pregnancy and during high activity after pregnancy using the equations and PAL values provided on Pages 82 and 84 of the DRIs. At what stage (i.e., during pregnancy or during exercise) will she require more calories per day?

You should show your calculations in full and state at which stage she requires a higher daily calorie intake. You should use her current weight to calculate energy requirements during pregnancy (use the equation for second-trimester pregnancy) and her desired future weight to calculate energy requirements when she begins training (use the equation for adult women).

When she starts training, the energy intake requirement will be given by

EIR = 354 − 6.91 × 31 + 1.9 × 9.36 × 65 + 726 × 1.63

          =2479.13

When she is pregnant

EIR = 354 − 6.91 ×31 + 1.12 × 9.36 × 70 + 726 × 1.63

          =1335.92

When she starts training she will require a high calorie intake because she will be leading an active lifestyle which means her total energy expenditure per day will be 1745 kcal/day. This means that her body will be burning more energy and as such, to create a balance and stimulate muscle growth, she has to eat more. In addition the increase in physical activity will result in an increase in her basal metabolic rate from 5.40 MJ/day when she is pregnant to 7.30 MJ/ day when is physically active thus requiring her to eat more to compensate for the burned calories. Moreover, consuming more calories will help her to maintain her balance, agility and co-ordination when exercising and build her endurance levels when performing different exercise activities. The extra calories will also be used to supplement heat production since more of the calories will be burned during physical activity.

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