Intersectionality

SOC 235 WEB Spring 2022 Final Exam

This is an open-book (article) midterm. Although you will primarily be using information from the articles, you will certainly find material from the power points, including Terms and Concepts (first class), and your notes very useful.

Instructions:

Due by Wednesday, May 18^th by 11:59 pm

· You will answer two questions. Question 1 and 2 are worth up to 35 points and question 3 is worth up to 65 points. Question 3, which everyone must answer, requires more reading and analysis.

· Create a word document: Each response/answer should be a minimum of four paragraphs (minimum of 10 sentences per paragraph). You can certainly write more, but make sure it is relevant. Document must be double-spaced.

· List the question number: In your document that you will upload, make sure to list the question number before you write your answer, so I know which questions you are answering. Please don’t list the entire question, just the number.

· Academic Integrity: Do not use the Internet. Exams containing material found on the Internet will result in an F on the exam, even if it’s cited.

·No bullet points: Do not answer using bullets. Also, do not address each prompt as a separate question in your response – this is NOT a short answer essay. Answer in paragraphs, as you would when responding to an essay question. Failure to follow these instructions will result in a much lower grade, even an F on the exam.

· Quotes: Direct use of quotes should constitute no more than 15% of your answers. Paraphrase by putting the author(s)’ ideas, arguments and material in your own words, and cite. Failure to follow this instruction will result in a much lower grade on the exam.

· Citations: When you refer to material from the articles. , cite at the end of the sentence, example, (Lopez, 2006, p. 356). Failure to cite correctly, or at all, in your responses will result in a deduction of one full grade for that question.

· Organization, Development and Support: 1) How clear is the overall organization of your answers? 2) How clear is the development of your arguments, which is your response to the questions? and 3) How clear is your use of evidence (from the readings) to support your arguments or your response to the questions?

· Awkward sentences: Please re-read your work, as responses that I cannot understand will result in a lower grade.

KEY: This is an essay exam, therefore, do not just list material from the articles but show how the material answers the essay question. It’s important to edit your work.

Bibliography/Reference page: Not required.

Name: Make sure to type in your name at the top of your document.

· Turnitin: Upload your midterm exam document in the folder, “Final Exam.” Please do not email me your midterm exam as I do not accept emailed copies. All exams must be uploaded to Turnitin. After you have successfully uploaded your document to turnitin, you will receive a confirmation receipt anywhere from a few minutes to a few hours (depending on how busy the system is).

Answer EITHER question 1 or question 2, worth up to 35 points

Regardless of the question you select, remember that you are always using the prompts/bullets to answer the bigger question. It will be helpful if you have a thesis statement (what will you do in this essay question) at the beginning in your first paragraph, which will be based on the bigger question.

Q.1 “The Ignominious Origins of Ethnic Pluralism in America,” by Stephen Steinberg, 1989 According to Steinberg, how have all racial and ethnic minorities been exploited and what types of bigotry have they encountered? Also, how did these forms of bigotry differ? In your discussion, you must include the following:

· Using four stages that Steinberg refers to: “settlement,” “expansion,” “agricultural Development,” and “industrial development,” discuss how each one allowed for the “entry” of different racial and ethnic groups into the US and resulted in the “conquering” or “exploitation” of different racial groups in the US. Make sure to discuss why these four stages were important in the economic development of US.

· The importance of resources such as land and cheap labor and how these were important in the building of America.

·The role of hegemony (define it before you use it), in relationship to what happened to Native Americans, Mexicans living in the Southwest, enslaved Africans, and poor white European immigrants.

·Use specific examples from the articles and do not generalize. Also, do not just list material from the article, show how the material answers the question.

Q. 2 “Laws and Treaties” from the book - Custer Died For Your Sins. An Indian Manifesto, by Vine Deloria, Jr., 1988

Why has (1) hegemony (define it before you use it), (2) keeping your word, and (3) contracting parities been important regarding the treaties that the US signed with Native Americans? In your discussion, you must include the following:

· The number of treaties that the US broke, that is, not honor, with Native Americans.

· What was the purpose of some of these treaties? Pull out examples of some of the treaties and the intention of those treaties.

The role of Christianity and the theft of Native American land.

The Doctrine of Discovery

The Doctrine of Incompetence.

The Doctrine of Dependency.

·The “Five Civilized Tribes.” What was unique about them and what ultimately happened to them?

· Use specific examples from the articles and do not generalize. Also, do not just list material from the article, show how the material answers the question.

Everyone MUST answer Q. 3, worth up to 65 points

Regardless of the articles you select, remember that you are always using the prompts/bullets to answer the bigger question. It will be helpful if you have a thesis statement (what will you do in this essay question) at the beginning in your first paragraph, which will be based on the bigger question.Intersectionality – A sociological perspective that holds that are multiple group memberships affect our lives in ways that are distinct from single group memberships. For example, the experience of a Black female may be distinct from that of a White female or a Black male,” (Giddens et al., 2018 p. 176).

Choose any two of the following four articles:

1) “From ‘“KIKE” to “JAP”’: How Misogyny, Anti-Semitism, and Racism Construct the “Jewish American Princess,” by Evelyn Torton Beck, 1992

2) “All Men Are Not Created Equal. Asian Men in U.S. History,” by Yen Le Espiritu, 2007

3) “Race-Gender Experiences and Schooling. Second-Generation Dominican, West Indian, and Haitian Youth in New York City,” by Nancy Lopez, 2006

4) “The Significance of Race and Gender in School Success among Latinas and Latinos in College,” by Heidi Lasley Barajas and Jennifer L. Pierce, 2006

And answer the followingHow does an intersectional approach address the lived experiences and marginalization of marked/othered groups? In the articles you select think about how they address intersectionality in different and similar ways.You must include the following:Define intersectionality. Use: (1) the power point slides on terms and concepts – slides 11 and 12, and (2) In the folder called, “YouTube Videos of Interest,” watch the video on intersectionality. This will help with your deThink about the definition of intersectionality and why it’s important when analyzing the two articles.Refer to the intersectional social characteristics that the authors are using. Think about how they help us understand different lived experiences, for example between college Latinas and Latinos in the Barajas and Pierce article. For the articles by Lopez and Barajas and Pierce, briefly describe the research method used by the researchers, and why it’s importa For the articles by Torton Beck and Le Espiritu, briefly describe the “commodification” of the main racial and/or ethnic groups in the respective articles.Pull out specific examples from the articles, and do not generalize.Use an equal amount of material from both article Do not just list material from the articles, show how the material answers the question.

According to Steinberg, exploitation of the minority ethnic groups for cheap labor and slavery of millions of Africans contributed to America's ethnic pluralism. Generally, all minority ethnic groups encountered intense bigotry as they tried to retain their institutions and ethnic identity, creating conflict, tension, and rivalry. The European colonialists targeted the areas with a large population of indigenous people (Steinberg, 2001). Therefore, the racial and ethnic diversity in the united states emerged from the colonialists' aggregation of the minority groups and indigenous people’s population. However, national development stages, including industrial development, settlement, agricultural development, and expansion, distorted the American ethnic profile. The settlement of the various immigrants introduced new religions, beliefs, cultural practices, and traditions that increased ethnic diversity (Steinberg, 2001). However, the European settlers displaced the indigenous Indian populations from their native land, affecting the Indians' culture, living practices, and self-sufficiency. The white settlers dismantled the existing systems and introduced new cultures and practices. Another factor that impacted the ethnic profile was agricultural development (Steinberg, 2001). The Europeans introduced new ethnic groups in search of cheap labor in the firms, and lastly, industrial development led to the introduction of new racial and cultural practices as different groups of people participated in trade.

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