Apa
7th edition only not 6th edition. Use scholarly peer review references only
within the last 5 years. Please follow instructions carefully. 2 peer review
for a discussion board is uploaded. Applying both ethical theory and
principles. We use butts and Rich’s textbook fyi. The Professor
said more isn’t necessary so if you thoroughly answer her discussion question
(Dr.. Depew) then I’ve attach a discussion from another student I can reply to
if paragraphs are needed for the 550 words. But concentration is the discussion
question from Dr.Depew.
Any confusion? Thank you
Jane
Greene Ryan's Pers X
Thread: DB1- Cultural ToleranceTwo women sit and enjoy a leisurely afternoon together. One of them is reading the newspaper and becomes horrified upon encountering an article that describes procedures such as clitorectomies and labial sewing performed on females as young as seven years old. The article describes these procedures as "female genital mutilation" and explains that they may be completed without anesthesia and by non-medical professionals. The woman is further disturbed by the fact that these procedures, traditionally practiced in certain cultures in Africa and Asia, have recently been reported to have occurred in the United States. The second woman responds that they must withhold judgment on the practices described in the article because every culture has the right to their own practices and beliefs and others are unable to judge these practices.The two differing viewpoints espoused in the above scenario can both find support for their opinions in various ethical theories and principles. The second woman, who focuses on the rights of others to their own beliefs and practices, relies most heavily on the theory of ethical relativism, which posits that ethics are not universal and can be different in individuals and societies. Furthermore, both subtypes of ethical relativism will support the second woman's view as well. First, she would argue that there are no objective moral truths and that those who practice female cutting are entitled to their own opinion. Second, she subscribes to the theory of cultural relativism, in which evaluating any moral question must consider the beliefs of the particular culture in question (Butts & Rich, 2020). It follows from the theory of ethical relativism that the cultures that practice female circumcision should be allowed to do so without judgment.In addition, the second woman utilizes the ethical principle of moral imagination, which requires one to reflect on another's attitudes and values before coming to a moral conclusion (Butts & Rich, 2020). Regardless of her own cultural beliefs toward female genital modification, she is able to use moral imagination to explore alternate cultural beliefs on this issue and is cognizant that she should not judge without understanding a different custom and practice.Using these ethical theories and principles, this woman can research the subject of female genital cutting and discover that presenting this practice as mutilation of genitalia may be due to a lack of moral imagination and ignoring of cultural relativism. Many supporters of this practice believe that the use of the word “mutilation” is in fact a distortion of both the purpose and the actual procedures. For example, some procedures that fall under the category of female genital mutilation are purely cosmetic and do not have an impact on morphology or function. Using the word “mutilation" denies the opportunity to explore cultural differences to approach an ethical issue, since no conscientious medical professional would willingly mutilate a patient (Trahair, 2020). Moreover, she may acknowledge that female genital cutting is a religious ceremony and while foreign to her, is practiced by many Muslim communities around the world and she would not fully understand its significance without an in-depth study of Islamic practices (Duivenbode & Padela, 2019).On the other hand, the first woman in the scenario is informed by the theory of ethical objectivism. This
A
30-year-old woman presents in a clinical setting and needs a urinary catheter
insertion. The woman underwent type III FGM at age 7. Nurses dealing with
issues of FGM whether doing it or repairing damages of the procedure face
ethical dilemma. The understanding and application of modern nursing ethical
considerations have been applied in many areas of medical practice. Its
application in FGM has previously been discussed and thoughtful insights
produced. Again, this is a cultural procedure practiced traditionally by
several cultures and that still persists in most African communities in the
present day. There are also reports that FGM cases have also emerged in other
parts of the world including the US. What makes this issue an ethical case is
that medical professionals understand the pain and the health risks that the
subject is usually exposed to. For instance, the procedure is done by and
without the supervision of a qualified surgical expert and
further surgical supplies and anesthesia are not applied. Further, medical
professionals understand the procedure is medically unnecessary. Understanding
both modern bioethics and respect for culture would guide responding to this
patient.