Reaction Essay

The article discusses different viewpoints on English language learning and how they relate to teaching English language learners in various contexts. Margaret Heritage notes that one solution to the limited information gained from standardizing student assessments is to use formative assessments, which monitor student learning and offer continuous feedback to help students better understand their areas of strength and improvement (WestEd, 2020). Therefore, teachers can see their pupils' difficulties and provide quick aid via formative testing. Qualitative comments on specifics of material and performance are more common than numerical grades for students and instructors. Comparatively, summative evaluation is used to keep tabs on the results of a course, often for external responsibility (WestEd, 2020). Despite instructors' reservations or outright opposition to external summative assessments, there is nothing inherently restrictive about summative evaluation that would prohibit them from using formative strategies.